Hydrogen energy is a kind of secondary energy with rich sources, green, low-carbon and wide application. It is gradually becoming one of the important carriers of global energy transformation and development. In order to help achieve the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutralization, further promote the revolution of energy production and consumption, build a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system, and promote the high-quality development of hydrogen energy industry, this plan is prepared in accordance with the 14th five year plan for national economic and social development of the people's Republic of China and the outline of long-term objectives for 2035. The planning period is 2021-2035.

1、 Current situation and situation

Today's world is experiencing great changes that have not been seen in a century. A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial reform have formed a historic intersection with the requirements of China's high-quality economic development. Major breakthroughs have been made in hydrogen energy development and utilization technology represented by fuel cells to provide important solutions for realizing zero emission energy utilization. We need to firmly grasp the general trend and opportunities of global energy reform and development, accelerate the cultivation and development of hydrogen energy industry, and accelerate the transformation of clean and low-carbon energy in China.

Internationally, major developed countries in the world attach great importance to the development of hydrogen energy industry. Hydrogen energy has become an important strategic choice to accelerate energy transformation and upgrading and cultivate new economic growth points. The key core technologies of the whole global hydrogen energy industry chain are maturing, fuel cell shipments are growing rapidly, costs continue to decline, the construction of hydrogen energy infrastructure is significantly accelerated, and a regional hydrogen energy supply network is taking shape.

Domestically, China is the largest hydrogen producer in the world, with an annual hydrogen production of about 33 million tons, of which about 12 million tons meet the industrial hydrogen quality standard. The installed capacity of renewable energy ranks first in the world and has great potential in clean and low-carbon hydrogen energy supply. The domestic hydrogen energy industry is showing a positive development trend. It has preliminarily mastered the main technologies and production processes such as hydrogen energy preparation, storage and transportation, hydrogenation, fuel cell and system integration, and realized the small-scale demonstration application of fuel cell vehicles in some regions. There are more than 300 Industrial Enterprises above the scale of the whole industrial chain, which are concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao Bay area, Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

However, in general, China's hydrogen energy industry is still in the early stage of development. Compared with the international advanced level, there are still problems and challenges such as weak industrial innovation ability, low level of technical equipment, lagging behind the basic system supporting industrial development, and further exploration of industrial development form and development path. At the same time, there are signs of blindly following the trend, homogeneous competition and low-level construction in some places. Facing the new situation, new opportunities and new challenges, it is urgent to strengthen top-level design and overall planning, further improve the innovation ability of hydrogen energy industry, constantly expand new market application space, and guide the healthy and orderly development of the industry.

2、 Strategic positioning

Hydrogen energy is an important part of the future national energy system. Give full play to the role of hydrogen energy as an important carrier for the large-scale and efficient utilization of renewable energy and its advantages of large-scale and long-term energy storage, promote the optimal allocation of heterogeneous energy across regions and seasons, promote the integration of hydrogen energy, electric energy and thermal energy systems, and promote the formation of a modern energy supply system with multiple complementary integration.

Hydrogen energy is an important carrier for energy terminal to realize green and low-carbon transformation. Take green and low-carbon as the policy, strengthen the green supply of hydrogen energy, create various forms of hydrogen energy consumption ecology, and improve China's energy security level. Give full play to the supporting role of hydrogen energy in carbon peaking and carbon neutralization, deeply tap the potential of cross-border applications, guide diversified applications according to local conditions, promote the transformation of energy consumption in transportation, industry and other energy consumption terminals and the green development of high energy consuming and high emission industries, and reduce greenhouse 2 gas emissions.

Hydrogen energy industry is a strategic emerging industry and the key development direction of future industry. Under the guidance of self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology, closely follow the development trend of a new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, strengthen the construction of innovation system of hydrogen energy industry, accelerate the breakthrough of bottleneck of hydrogen energy core technology and key materials, accelerate industrial upgrading and growth, and realize virtuous cycle and innovative development of industrial chain. Practice innovation driven, promote breakthroughs in hydrogen energy technology and equipment, accelerate the cultivation of new products, new business forms and new models, build a green and low-carbon industrial system, create new growth points for industrial transformation and upgrading, and inject new momentum into high-quality economic development.

3、 General requirements

（1） Guiding ideology

Implement the new energy security strategy of "four revolutions and one cooperation", focus on seizing the opportunities for future industrial development, coordinate the layout of hydrogen energy industry, improve innovation ability, improve management system, standardize and orderly development, and increase the proportion of hydrogen energy in energy consumption structure, so as to provide strong support for building a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient energy system.

（2） Basic principles

Innovation leads, self-reliance and self-improvement. Adhere to innovation driven development, accelerate the construction of hydrogen energy innovation system, and drive product innovation, application innovation and business model innovation based on demand. Focus on breaking through the technical bottleneck of hydrogen energy industry, establish and improve the industrial technology and equipment system, and enhance the stability and competitiveness of the production 3 industry chain and supply chain. Make full use of global innovation resources and actively participate in global hydrogen energy technology and industrial innovation cooperation.

Safety first, clean and low-carbon. Take safety as the internal requirement of the development of hydrogen energy industry, establish and improve hydrogen energy safety supervision system, standards and specifications, strengthen the prevention and control of major safety risks in the whole industrial chain such as hydrogen energy production, storage, transmission, addition and use, improve the safety management level of the whole process, and ensure the safe and controllable utilization of hydrogen energy. Build a clean, low-carbon and low-cost diversified hydrogen production system, focus on developing hydrogen production from renewable energy, and strictly control hydrogen production from fossil energy.

Market led and government guided. Give play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, highlight the dominant position of enterprises, strengthen the deep integration of industry, University, research and application, strive to improve the technical economy of hydrogen energy, and actively explore the commercialization path of hydrogen energy utilization. Give better play to the role of the government, improve the basic institutional system for industrial development, strengthen the national game of chess, scientifically optimize the industrial layout, and guide the standardized development of industries.

Steady and careful application, demonstration first. Actively play the role of planning guidance and policy incentives, comprehensively consider the hydrogen energy supply capacity, industrial foundation and market space, adapt to the level of technological innovation, orderly carry out hydrogen energy technological innovation and industrial application demonstration, and avoid blind layout and rush in some places. Adhere to the combination of point and line, point to area, expand hydrogen energy application scenarios according to local conditions, and steadily and carefully promote the diversified application of hydrogen energy in transportation, energy storage, power generation, industry and other fields.

（3） Development goals

By 2025, a relatively perfect institutional and policy environment for the development of hydrogen energy industry will be formed, the industrial innovation ability will be significantly improved, the core technology and manufacturing process will be basically mastered, and a relatively complete supply chain and industrial system will be preliminarily established. Remarkable achievements have been made in the demonstration and application of hydrogen energy, great progress has been made in clean energy hydrogen production and hydrogen energy storage and transportation technology, and the market competitiveness has been greatly improved. A hydrogen energy supply system focusing on the nearby utilization of industrial by-product hydrogen and renewable energy hydrogen production has been preliminarily 4 established. The number of fuel cell vehicles is about 50000, and a number of hydrogenation stations are deployed. Hydrogen production from renewable energy has reached 100000-200000 tons / year, which has become an important part of new hydrogen energy consumption and achieved carbon dioxide emission reduction of 1-2 million tons / year.

After another five years of development, by 2030, a relatively complete technological innovation system for hydrogen energy industry and a clean energy hydrogen production and supply system will be formed. The industrial layout will be reasonable and orderly, and hydrogen production from renewable energy will be widely used, which will strongly support the realization of the carbon peak goal.

By 2035, a hydrogen energy industry system will be formed to build a diversified hydrogen energy application ecology covering transportation, energy storage, industry and other fields. The proportion of hydrogen production from renewable energy in terminal energy consumption has increased significantly, which plays an important supporting role in the green transformation and development of energy.

4、 Systematically build an innovation system to support the high-quality development of hydrogen energy industry

Focusing on the major needs of high-quality development of hydrogen energy, accurately grasp the innovation and development direction of hydrogen energy industry, focus on weaknesses, appropriately deploy a number of hydrogen energy projects in advance, continue to strengthen basic research, key technology and disruptive technological innovation, establish and improve a more collaborative and efficient innovation system, and continuously improve the competitiveness and innovation of hydrogen energy industry.

（1） Continuously improve the level of key core technologies

Accelerate the technological innovation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, develop key materials, improve the main performance indicators and mass production capacity, and continuously improve the reliability, stability and durability of fuel cells. Support the development of new fuel cells and other technologies. Focus on promoting the R & D and manufacturing of core parts and key equipment. Accelerate the improvement of the conversion efficiency of hydrogen production from renewable energy and the scale of hydrogen production from a single unit, and break through the key core technologies of hydrogen infrastructure. Develop monitoring and testing technology for key influencing factors of hydrogen equipment, and increase the development and application of safety chain 5 technology for hydrogen production, storage, transmission and use.

Continue to promote the research and development of key core technologies in the production, storage, transportation and application of green low hydrocarbon energy. Continue to carry out research on the scientific mechanism of hydrogen energy such as photolysis of water to produce hydrogen, hydrogen embrittlement failure, low-temperature adsorption, leakage / diffusion / combustion and explosion, as well as the basic law of hydrogen energy safety. We will continue to promote the demonstration, application and industrialization of advanced hydrogen energy technologies, key equipment and major products, and build a high-quality development technology system for the hydrogen energy industry.

（2） Strive to build a supporting platform for industrial innovation

Focus on key areas and key links of hydrogen energy, build a multi-level and diversified innovation platform, and accelerate the gathering of innovative elements such as talents, technology and capital. Support universities, scientific research institutes and enterprises to accelerate the construction of key laboratories and cutting-edge cross research platforms, and carry out basic research and cutting-edge technology research on hydrogen energy application. Rely on leading enterprises to integrate high-quality innovation resources in the industry, layout innovation platforms such as industrial innovation center, engineering research center, technological innovation center and manufacturing innovation center, build an efficient collaborative innovation network, and support the development and engineering application of key technologies in the industry. Encourage advantageous enterprises and service institutions in the industry to take the lead in building supporting platforms such as intellectual property operation center of hydrogen energy industry, comprehensive service for inspection, testing and certification of hydrogen energy products, recycling and treatment of waste hydrogen energy products, strategic alliance for hydrogen energy safety, and serve the innovation and development of the industry in combination with patent navigation and other work. Support "specialized and special new" small and medium-sized enterprises to participate in the R & D of key common technologies in the hydrogen energy industry, cultivate a number of single champion enterprises with strong independent innovation ability, and promote the coordinated innovation and financing development of large and medium-sized enterprises.

（3） Promote the construction of hydrogen energy professionals

Guided by the demand for hydrogen energy technology innovation, support the introduction and cultivation of high-end talents and improve the R & D capacity of basic cutting-edge technologies of hydrogen energy. Accelerate the cultivation of hydrogen energy technology and equipment professionals, and consolidate the innovative foundation for the development of hydrogen energy industry. Establish and improve the talent training mechanism, accelerate the construction of disciplines related to hydrogen energy, and expand the group of hydrogen energy innovation and R & D talents. Vocational Colleges (including technical colleges) are encouraged to set up relevant majors and cultivate high-quality technical and skilled talents and other employees.

（4） Actively carry out international cooperation in hydrogen energy technology innovation

Encourage international joint research and development of hydrogen energy science and technology, promote innovation and cooperation in key core technologies, materials and equipment of the whole hydrogen energy industry chain, and actively build an international hydrogen energy innovation chain and industrial chain. Actively participate in international hydrogen energy standardization activities. Adhere to the principle of joint consultation, joint construction and sharing, and explore and jointly build cooperation in hydrogen energy trade, infrastructure construction, product development, etc. in the "the Belt and Road" countries. Strengthen project cooperation with countries and regions with leading hydrogen energy technology and jointly explore the third-party international market.

5、 Comprehensively promote the construction of hydrogen energy infrastructure

Coordinate the layout of the national hydrogen energy industry, reasonably grasp the industrial development progress, avoid disorderly competition, orderly promote the construction of hydrogen energy infrastructure, strengthen the safety management of hydrogen energy infrastructure, and speed up the construction of a safe, stable and efficient hydrogen energy supply network.

（1） Rational layout of hydrogen production facilities

Combined with the characteristics of resource endowment and industrial layout, choose the technical route of hydrogen production according to local conditions, and gradually promote the construction of a clean, low-carbon and low-cost diversified hydrogen production system. In coking, chlor alkali, propane dehydrogenation and other industrial agglomeration areas, give priority to the use of industrial by-product hydrogen, encourage nearby consumption, and reduce the supply cost of industrial by-product hydrogen. In areas rich in wind, solar and hydropower resources, carry out hydrogen production demonstration from renewable energy, gradually expand the demonstration scale, and explore seasonal energy storage and power grid peak shaving. Promote the research and development of technologies such as hydrogen production by solid oxide electrolytic cell, hydrogen production by photolysis of water, hydrogen production by seawater and hydrogen production by nuclear energy 7 at high temperature. Explore the establishment of hydrogen production bases in areas with large application scale of hydrogen energy.

（2） Steadily build a storage and transportation system

On the premise of safety and controllability, actively promote the innovation of technology, materials and processes, and support the exploration and practice of various storage and transportation modes. Improve the efficiency of high-pressure gaseous storage and transportation, accelerate the reduction of storage and transportation costs, and effectively improve the commercialization level of high-pressure gaseous storage and transportation. Promote the industrial application of low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, and explore the application of storage and transportation methods such as solid state, cryogenic high-pressure and organic liquid. Carry out pilot demonstration of hydrogen doped natural gas pipeline and pure hydrogen pipeline. Gradually build a high-density, lightweight, low-cost and diversified hydrogen energy storage and transportation system.

（3） Overall planning of hydrogenation network

Adhere to the demand orientation, make overall layout for the construction of hydrogenation stations, and orderly promote the construction of hydrogenation network system. Adhere to safety first, make economical and intensive use of land resources, and support the reconstruction and expansion of hydrogen stations by using the site facilities of existing gas stations in accordance with laws and regulations. Explore new modes such as hydrogen station integrating hydrogen production, storage and hydrogenation in the station.

6、 Steadily promote the diversified demonstration application of hydrogen energy

Adhere to the guidance of market application, reasonably arrange and grasp the rhythm, orderly promote the demonstration application of hydrogen energy in the field of transportation, expand the application in energy storage, distributed power generation, industry and other fields, promote large-scale development, and speed up the exploration and formation of an effective commercialization path for the development of hydrogen energy industry.

（1） Orderly promote demonstration applications in the field of transportation

Based on the local hydrogen energy supply capacity, industrial environment, market space and other basic conditions, combined with the development characteristics of the road transportation industry, focus on promoting the application of hydrogen fuel cells in medium and heavy vehicles, 8 orderly expand the market application space of hydrogen fuel cells and other new energy passenger and cargo vehicles, and gradually establish a complementary development model of fuel cell electric vehicles and lithium battery pure electric vehicles. Actively explore the application of fuel cells in ships, aircraft and other fields, promote the research and development of large hydrogen aircraft, and continuously improve the market scale of hydrogen energy application in transportation.

（2） Actively carry out demonstration applications in the field of energy storage

Give play to the advantages of long hydrogen energy regulation cycle and large energy storage capacity, carry out the demonstration of hydrogen energy storage in renewable energy consumption, power grid peak shaving and other application scenarios, explore and cultivate a new integrated application mode of "wind power generation + hydrogen energy storage", and gradually form a power system energy storage system with the integration of pumped storage, electrochemical energy storage, hydrogen energy storage and other energy storage technologies. Explore the potential for collaborative optimization of hydrogen energy across energy networks and promote the interconnection of heterogeneous energy sources such as electric energy, thermal energy and fuel.

（3） Rational distribution of multiple applications in power generation

According to the existing energy infrastructure conditions and economic affordability of various regions, hydrogen fuel cell distributed cogeneration facilities shall be arranged according to local conditions, and hydrogen energy comprehensive utilization demonstration shall be carried out in communities, parks, mining areas, ports and other areas. Relying on the construction of infrastructure projects such as communication base stations, data centers, railway communication stations and power grid substations, promote the market application of hydrogen fuel cells in the field of standby power supply. In the renewable energy base, explore the research, development and demonstration of power generation peak shaving technology based on fuel cell. Combined with the power demand of remote areas and islands, carry out the demonstration application of fuel cell distributed power generation.

（4） Gradually explore alternative applications in industrial fields

Continuously improve the economy of hydrogen energy utilization and expand the alternative application space of clean and low hydrocarbon energy in the chemical industry. Carry out the R & D and application of hydrogen metallurgy technology with hydrogen as reducing agent. Explore the application of hydrogen 910 as a high-quality heat source in industrial production. We will expand the application of hydrogen energy as an alternative to fossil energy in industrial fields, actively guide the transformation of synthetic ammonia, synthetic methanol, refining, coal to oil and gas and other industries from high-carbon processes to low-carbon processes, and promote the green and low-carbon development of high energy consuming industries.

7、 Accelerate the improvement of hydrogen energy development policies and institutional guarantee system

Firmly establish the safety bottom line, improve the standard and specification system, strengthen the supply of institutional innovation, strive to break the institutional obstacles and policy bottlenecks restricting industrial development, constantly consolidate the institutional foundation of industrial development, and ensure the innovation and sustainable development of hydrogen energy industry.

（1） Establish and improve the hydrogen energy policy system

We will improve the policies related to hydrogen energy management, standardize the construction and management procedures of hydrogen energy preparation, storage, transportation and filling, implement the responsibility of safety supervision, strengthen industrial development and investment guidance, promote the large-scale application of hydrogen energy, promote the production and consumption of hydrogen energy, and provide support for the green transformation of energy. Improve the relevant provisions on the construction and operation of hydrogen energy infrastructure, pay attention to strengthening management in terms of construction requirements, approval process and supervision methods, and improve the level of safe operation. Study and explore the supporting electricity price policy for hydrogen production from renewable energy power generation, improve the market-oriented mechanism for hydrogen production from renewable energy, improve the energy storage price mechanism covering hydrogen energy storage, and explore the direct participation of hydrogen energy storage in power market transactions.

（2） Establish and improve the standard system of hydrogen energy industry

Promote the improvement of the standard system for hydrogen energy production, storage, transmission and use, focusing on the establishment and improvement of basic standards such as hydrogen energy quality and hydrogen safety, infrastructure standards such as hydrogen production, storage and transportation devices and hydrogen refueling stations, and hydrogen energy application standards such as transportation and energy storage, so as to increase the effective supply of standards. Encourage leading enterprises to actively participate in the development of various standards, and support qualified social organizations to formulate and publish relevant standards. In policy formulation, government procurement, bidding and other activities, strictly implement mandatory standards, and actively adopt recommended standards and relevant national norms. Promote the construction of public service platform for inspection, testing and certification of hydrogen energy products, and promote the construction of hydrogen energy product quality certification system.

（3） Strengthen the whole chain safety supervision

Strengthen the research on hydrogen energy safety management system and standards, establish and improve the safety standards and norms of the whole hydrogen energy industry, strengthen safety supervision, implement the main responsibility of enterprise safety production and departmental safety supervision responsibility, implement the territorial management responsibility of local governments for the development of hydrogen energy industry, and improve the level of safety management ability. Promote the coordinated development of key core technologies and safety technologies in the hydrogen energy industry, and research and development of advanced technologies such as hydrogen leakage detection and alarm and inspection and detection of hydrogen related special equipment. Actively use the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and other advanced technical means to timely warn the leakage, fatigue, deflagration and other risk states of hydrogen energy production, storage and transportation devices, places and application terminals, so as to effectively improve the ability of accident prevention. Strengthen the construction of emergency response capacity, study and formulate hydrogen energy emergency disposal plans, disposal techniques and tactics and operation procedures, and respond to various hydrogen energy safety risks in a timely and effective manner.

8、 Organization and Implementation

Fully understand the significance of developing hydrogen energy industry, integrate ideas, understanding and actions into the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, strengthen organizational leadership and overall coordination, strengthen policy guidance and support, and ensure the implementation of planning objectives and key tasks through pilot demonstration, publicity and guidance, supervision and evaluation.

（1） Give full play to the role of the overall planning and coordination mechanism

Establish an inter ministerial coordination mechanism for the development of hydrogen energy industry, coordinate and solve major problems in hydrogen energy development, and study and formulate relevant supporting policies. Strengthen the guiding role of planning, promote local rational layout of hydrogen energy industry in combination with their own basic conditions, and realize the healthy, orderly and concentrated development of industry.

（2） Accelerate the construction of "1 + n" policy system

Adhere to the guidance of planning, focus on the key links and major issues in the development of hydrogen energy industry, formulate and issue relevant policies in the aspects of standardized management of hydrogen energy, construction and operation management of hydrogen energy infrastructure, innovation of key core technology and equipment, pilot demonstration of diversified application of hydrogen energy industry and construction of national standard system, so as to create a "1 + n" policy system for the development of hydrogen energy industry and effectively play the role of policy guidance.

（3） Actively promote pilot demonstration

We will thoroughly implement the national major regional development strategy, constantly optimize the industrial spatial layout, and steadily carry out pilot demonstration in areas with large supply potential, solid industrial foundation, sufficient market space and more practical experience in commercialization. Support the pilot demonstration areas to give full play to their own advantages, reform and innovation, explore various paths for the development of hydrogen energy industry, and try first in improving the hydrogen energy policy system and improving the innovation ability of key technologies, so as to form replicable and popularized experience. Establish a supervision and assessment mechanism during and after the event to ensure the effectiveness of the pilot demonstration work.

（4） Strengthen financial support

Give full play to the guiding role of investment within the central budget and support the development of hydrogen energy related industries. Strengthen financial support, encourage banking financial institutions to support the development of hydrogen energy industry in accordance with the principles of controllable risk and commercial sustainability, and use scientific and technological means to provide accurate and differentiated financial services for high-quality enterprises. Encourage industrial investment funds and venture capital funds to support hydrogen energy innovative enterprises in accordance with the principle of marketization, and promote the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements. Support qualified hydrogen energy enterprises to register for listing and financing on the science and innovation board, gem, etc.

（5） Carry out in-depth publicity and guidance

Carry out the publicity and implementation of safety regulations and safety standards for hydrogen energy production, storage, transmission and use, enhance the safety awareness of enterprise subjects, and lay a solid foundation for the safe utilization of hydrogen energy. Strengthen the publicity of hydrogen energy science popularization, pay attention to the guidance of public opinion, timely respond to social concerns and promote the formation of social consensus.

（6） Do a good job in planning, supervision and evaluation

Strengthen the follow-up analysis, supervision and guidance on the implementation of the plan, summarize and promote advanced experience, timely organize and carry out effectiveness evaluation, and timely study and solve new situations and problems in the implementation of the plan. In the medium term of the implementation of the plan, the work plan of follow-up tasks will be further optimized according to technological progress, resource status and development needs, combined with the evaluation of the effectiveness of the plan.